Abiotic Factors Affecting Natural Resources Production...

Alysha Agliam Noeau Likua Molokai HS NR Production TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Main Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 ABSTRACT Abiotic and biotic factors are extremely important factors for our environment. The presence of these factors could provide for a peaceful and healthy environment and the disappearance of these factors could wreak havoc on an environment. Abiotic factors focus more on the physical aspects of an environment and biotic focuses more on biological. MAIN BODY What are important abiotic and biotic factors affecting organisms that are considered in Natural Resources Production decisions? Abiotic refers to something physical rather than biological. Abiotic factors can determine which species of organisms will survive in any given environment. This factor is important because they affect how organisms survive. The abiotic factor can be placed into categories of meteorology, soil, air pollution, micro-topographic features, water availability, and water quality. Chemical and geological factors, such as rocks and minerals, and physical factors, such as temperature, weather, and lay of the land, are also referred to as abiotic components. 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Face of War Free Essays

The Face of War There are many different forms of artwork that can depict moments in my life. Many musical compositions, sculptures, and architecture, that express the trials and tribulations that I have endured in my lifetime. There is one piece of artwork that I find to be a complete expression of my entire life. We will write a custom essay sample on Face of War or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although â€Å"The Face of War† by Salvador Dali was influenced by tragedy in times of war; I have a different view on the painting. The painting itself shows a head that was severed from the body, lying in the sand. The head which looks withered has an expression on it of pain and misery. Its eyes and mouth are filled with identical faces all of which are surrounded by serpents tugging and biting at the rotting heads. to me the painting symbolizes many facets of human experience. It symbolizes pain, death, loss, frustration and despair. All of which I have experienced in dealing with low self-esteem, acceptance issues, and lack of motivation to accomplish anything. I am 30 years old and am just deciding what I want to do for the rest of my life. I have experienced pain in more ways than most people will be able imagine. From the constant loss of loved ones, to the emotional pain and physical pain inflicted on myself as well as the physical pain and emotional pain that has been inflicted by loved ones. Moments of despair and frustration have brought me to seek comfort in pain and suffering. I see the painting and it screams out to me speaking a constant struggle with one’s feelings, a war inside that no one can see, and the infinite battle within myself that will either make me or break me. This piece of art has a great cultural value as it represents a period of time in which war was a big issue and everyone was feeling the consequences that war brings. It symbolized the pain of the people that were directly and indirectly involved with these tragedies. How to cite Face of War, Papers

Strategic Philanthropy free essay sample

Firkin has created a thoughtful theoretical framework for understanding the giving process. Overall key themes reappear throughout the book, including Firkins contention that the values, passion, and energy of donors are critical in maintaining the pluralism and soul of philanthropy, an element that the author believes has been severely neglected in recent years. He claims that unless the vision and intent of donors receive greater attention, foundations are likely to become less animated, more bureaucratic, and less effective.Donor satisfaction, Firkin asserts, is as important to philanthropy as the community and public benefits it produces t has been applied by persona such as the gates foundation and bill and Miranda gates them self He cites five essential elements for a giving strategy: deciding which vehicle to use for giving away the donors money; clarifying the purpose of the gift; setting a time frame for giving; choosing the level of donor engagement with grant recipients; a nd assessing the impact the contributions will have. CRITIQUE Gates Foundation, with the addition of Warren Buffets money, will be donating about 1 0 percent of all foundation money distributed annually. And here will be more menstruations in the next decade. Isnt it troubling that such gaga antic sums of tax-deductible money will be granted each year at the whim of a few family board members and without the benefit of public debate? He practice of strategic philanthropy has advanced substantially over the past two decades, yet even its most committed theorists and practitioners-?we among them-?have often been disappointed by the results Complexity theorist David Snowed described the differences among problems that are simple, complicated, or complex. A simple problem can be giggly ambitious: Building a hospital is not easy, but it follows a well- understood formula It can however be estimated along a specific time line and undertaken according to previously set out plan .Improvement of general health within the area is more of a dynamic problem . It is non linear problem and the influence of couple of factor can be interchanging As difficult as it is to make progress against complex social problems, foundations are far better suited to do so than are other institutions because they operate on a long time horizon, insulated from financial and political erasures Emergent strategy explained Emergence is where rigor and flexibility meet, as it inherently challenges strategic organizations to be both rigorous and flexible.Emergent strategy still requires that a clear strategic intent guide the fenders actions, but it acknowledges that specific outcomes cannot be predicted Emergent strategy accommodates three core principles of complexity theory that must inform the next evolution of strategic philanthropy: co-creating strategy, working positive and negative attractors, and improving system fitness. All actors, including fenders, are participants in the system they seek to change. The behavior of one organization affects all others; therefore strategies must be co-created and must co-evolve among multiple organizations rather than be developed separately. Albert Einstein once said, Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. In strategic philanthropy s earnest desire to become more disciplined and rigorous, there has been a tendency to demand and impose simple solutions to complex problems By Paul Brest Outcome-oriented philanthropy has two major focal points: supporting organizations and problem-solving philanthropy. L Examples of supporting organizations range from grants to after-school programs for undeserved children . There are three different strategies for supporting organizations: philanthropic buying, providing risk and growth capital, and impact investing.Outcome-oriented philanthropic buyers look for the best service in their areas of interest for the lowest cost, and make gifts and grants to help pay the operating costs of non profits providing those services. Main points are : Least gain in the past , using the accounts info to estimate the target of ending . They fund one of the projects rather th an the general mission Of the organization Providing rising and growth capital exact opposite , impact investing The second major type of outcome-oriented philanthropy is problem-solving philanthropy. Whereas philanthropists often buy seer- vices and support organizations in order to solve problems, problem- solving philanthropists put the problem rather than the organization at the center, and actively engage with their grantees in designing and implementing strategies. Building fields -? development of new strategy towards prior unattractive robber collaboration and link between organizations policy advocacy collective impact played a role of a multi stake holder collar efforts critique My view is that both approaches have great potential, but that their true value depends on their actual outcomes.These internecine squabbles aside, internal critics of outcome- oriented philanthropy voice the concerns that it can be income- tenthly executed, and that fenders may exercise inappropriate control over grantees, thereby impinging on their autonomy and stifling innovation . Catalytic Philanthropy BY Mark R. Kramer Four Practices of Catalytic Philanthropy What is needed is a new approa ch to philanthropy, one that catalysts the kind of social change exemplified by Siebel Meet Project. Over the past decade, the consulting firm that expounded, FSP Social Impact Advisors, has studied many examples of this new approach to social change.We have distilled what makes catalytic philanthropists so effective into four distinct practices: They have the ambition to change the world and the courage to accept responsibility for achieving the results they seek; they engage others n a compelling campaign, me- powering stakeholders and creating the conditions for collaboration and innovation; they use all of the tools that are available to create change, including unconventional ones from outside the nonprofit sector; they create actionable knowledge to improve their own effectiveness and to influence the behavior of others. . Take Responsibility for Achieving Results- rather than looking for targets of spending fenders look for ways to benefit wider picture . Arab micromanage from 40 k to 3 million with just 400,000 invested . Bob optical 2. Mobile Campaign for change Monopolizing and coordinating stakeholders is messier and slower than funding a compelling grant request from a single organization. Systemic change depends on a sustained campaign to increase the capacity and coordination of an entire field, together with greater public awareness and, often, stronger government policies.Catalytic philanthropists have the wherewithal to heighten awareness, raise expectations, and coordinate the many disparate efforts of other fenders, nonprofits, corporations, and governments. 3. Use all available tools -? rather than sousing n the non profit see , we are expected to use annoying that will benefit the company . Corporate resources , investment of capital etc . Advocacy and litigation or lobbying of donors 4. Create actionable knowledge Catalytic phi- lamentations, by contrast, gather knowledge about the problem they are tackling and use this knowledge to inform their own actions and motivate the actions of others.Making knowledge actionable requires more than just gathering and reporting data. The informal- Zion must also carry emotional appeal to capture peoples attention and practical recommendations that can inspire them to action. SUMMARY OF The Nonprofit Marketplace The nonprofit marketplace lacks the robust flow of timely, accurate information that is a hallmark of high-performing markets such as stock exchanges, commodity markets, or eBay. To bridge this gap, the sector must capture, analyze, distribute, and use information on nonprofit organ- national performance and social impact more effectively.This is no small task. Data measuring outcomes for beneficiaries are notoriously difficult to capture. Moreover, there is no uniformly accepted way to measure social impact, and o single repository for information about nonprofit activities and results The good news is that progress is happening. We see increasing agreement among nonprofit organizations on how to define and measure perform- menace and impact, and increasing use of tools to measure, manage, and communicate progress and results.A growing number of nonprofits share this information online. High-net-worth donors and foundations are asking more questions about results and engaging in meaningful dialogue with their grantees about their work and aspirations . To accelerate these changes, we suggest the following framework for action: Improving the supply of information assessing nonprofit organizational and operational performance (how well is the organization run? ) and social impact (to what extent is the organization achieving its intended goals and outcomes? While nonprofits have made progress in recent years-?with many embracing performance metrics and better communicating what they do and how well they are doing it-?there is still much room for improvement: ; Increasing donor demand for nonprofit performance and impact information ; Strengthening intermediary organizations that facilitate interactions teen donors and nonprofits, provide value-adding services, and help improve donor decision- making and nonprofit performance.

Passion for Fashion Essay Essay Example

Passion for Fashion Essay Paper Fashion plays an of import function in the day-to-day life of every person. It starts with make up ones minding what to have on. how to have on it. and so forth. Imagine the universe without manner. Not a nice one is it? Every single owes esteem to those sub-rosa people who are responsible for doing the universe so stylish ; one in peculiar a manner seller. A calling as a Fashion Marketer is an interesting calling filled with nil but manner. escapade. and exhilaration. Bing a Manner Marketer is an tickle pinking yet non so elusive calling. It is a sellers occupation to advance manner. They want to bring forth the populaces involvement in new manners and merchandises. Manner selling involves advertisement. but it is more than that. Manner sellers have to be on the film editing border backing the right things at the right clip. They connect the populace with the universe of manner. and they help put tendencies ( Stone 4 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Passion for Fashion Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Passion for Fashion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Passion for Fashion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To work in this field an person will hold to hold the assured features neededA individuals occupation should reflect their personality and expose the individuals features. In the manner industry there are many personalities. many of them being narcissistic 1s. Enthusiasm. flexibleness. and a positive attitude are indispensable features necessary to happen success in the retail industry. ( Retail Marketing Careers. ) A individual can besides use his or her basic accomplishments such as computing machine literacy. working good with people and a strong work moral principle to the tabular array when using for a calling in Fashion Marketing. Generally light travel is required to work in marketing retail. Stress and a small committedness and overtime are involved. nevertheless. nil to extreme. This allows workers to pass more clip with their households. On a day-to-day footing a individual may come across an person who is chesty and discourteous. but this can go on at any occupation. Those working in retail besides have more clip to go involved in the community. It is non simple and non excessively complex going a Fashion Marketer or working in the selling field every bit long as it fits with the persons personality. Of class. everyone knows nowadays a high school sheepskin means nil any longer. College grades. preparation or any enfranchisement subsequent to high school is compulsory for success. To go a manner seller one would necessitate to major in Fashion Merchandising or Marketing and minor in concern Fieldss such as accounting. concern disposal. or selling merely to develop the concern facet of the Fashion Merchandising field. An single can have an Associates grade. Bachelors degree or Masters depending on the person. Schools offering the Fashion Merchandising plan are preponderantly in New York and California ; nevertheless. local community colleges and universities should non be overlooked. Other universities known to offer the plan are University of MD Eastern Shore ; Morgan State University ; F. I. T. ( Fashion Institute of Technology ) ; and AIP ( Art Institute of Philadelphia ) . Some classs required to accomplish in this field are accounting. concern jurisprudence. psychological science. selling. advertisement and promoting. and entrepreneurship. and Intro to manner ( Stone 6-8 ) . Although holding a grade is non a bare necessity to acquire into the manner industry. it helps to hold one so chances will ever be available. Having a grade will besides better 1s salaryA manner sellers salary scopes on experience and cognition. More frequently it is how much experience a individual has instead than his or her cognition. Wages for novices start every bit low as $ 15. 000-29. 000 a twelvemonth depending on the business ( Retail ) . As 1s experience or cognition additions so do the rewards. At an intermediate degree the salary starts anyplace from $ 33. 873-76. 450 a twelvemonth. At the executive or advanced degree wages range from $ 84. 923-119. 140 a twelvemonth. Location is the cardinal when make up ones minding on what business fits 1s standards because the loca tion besides determines 1s salary ( Advertising ) . The mentality on callings in manner selling and any calling in manner overall is expected to turn more easy than norm through 2014 ( Retail ) . Sluggish occupation growing may be due to the new prominence of price reduction shops. super centres and warehouse shops. offering bargain-priced vesture without the frills and fancy shop shows of high-end section shops. The Internet may besides cut into gross revenues. However. even with unenrgetic occupation growing. basic retailing occupations should still be comparatively easy to happen. merely because this is a really big field with a high turnover rate ( Retail ) . And top degree selling occupations will be highly competitory no affair how fast the concern is turning. It is truly all about location. Know what works and make non allow wages find your calling. Travel with what suits your personality best. Plants Cited â€Å"Advertising. Selling. Promotions. Public Relations. and Gross saless Directors. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bls. gov. 04 Aug. 2006. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U. S. Department of Labor. 22 Aug. 2007. â€Å"Retail Selling Careers. † World Wide Web. Careeroverview. Com. 24 Apr. 2007. Stone. Elaine. The Dynamics of Fashion. 2nd Ed. New York: Fairchild Publications Inc. . 2004. 04-10.

Why you sould keep a small book launch street team

Why you sould keep a small book launch street team "Keep a Small but Dedicated Street Team" - Interviewing Eliot Peper Eliot Peper is an author we've been following quite closely at Reedsy. Maybe it's because he started publishing around the same time we got started. Or maybe it's because we think alike in terms of publishing, marketing, building connections, etc.Last month, he released the last book in his "Uncommon Stock" trilogy: Exit Strategy. So we decided to interview him again to see what he had learned between his first book launch and his third one. Turns out, he's learned a lot, and is sharing a particular piece of knowledge with us: "small is beautiful"!Play the video  below to learn how Eliot was able to build a small but ultra-dedicated "street team" to launch his books (with a 70%+ conversion rate). As usual, for the lovers of the written word, we also provide a transcript of the key learnings from this interview! Today, Eliot’s third book is launching and I was one of the lucky people who got an advance copy - and it's awesome!  Eliot, why don’t you introduce yourself and talk about your trilogy?Sure - this book is called â€Å"Uncommon Stock: Exit  Strategy† from the the Uncommon series which is a tech start-up thriller which follows a college student who drops out to start a startup software company and ends up becoming embroiled in an international financial conspiracy along the way. So, people have compared it to John Grisham for tech in the sense that it's a thriller that takes place in the startup world.Yeah, I really empathize with the character and it’s an awesome book for all startup founders out there. I’d say it’s better to read that than a non-fiction book on e.g. fundraising or growing your startup. As to your book marketing, you have said that you really appreciate that your readership is small: it’s a niche. Why is that?This is the third book I’ve written and secretly, when you write a book, in the back of your head, you would love it if there was mainstream appeal. Once the creative side is done, you have to then put on a different hat: now this piece of art is becoming a product, how does it reach the marketplace and how do readers find it? When I started I tried pitching major news magazines to get coverage and doing things that took so much energy by didn’t really have much Return on Investment. But when you read blogs on how books become bestsellers, that seems like what we should be doing.For the second book, I approached it much differently. I went to Amazon reviews and left comments â€Å"Hey, I really like your review. As an Indie author this means a lot to me. If you’d like an advance copy of the next one, send me an email.† I was amazed! Over 70% of people responded and I was shocked!Now that I’m with book three, I’m thinking again. Fundamentally, Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢ve become much, much more interested in serving a few of my core readers and putting all my energy into that. That’s a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem. I realized this is the bit that mattered, in the 99% of hot air that I blew. With me, I sent out a mailing list to a small list of people I knew who could be interested in the book. As they hadn’t opted in for a mailing list, a lot of people unsubscribed, but I was left with a core group that I could focus on.Let’s get granular†¦ how are you doing it?Firstly I wrote the book! Then I asked 16 beta readers to give me feedback and 9 people who actually gave feedback. This was whilst I was doing editing with my actual editor. Once we had a copy with multiple revisions, design, formatting into all the format, I then built a list of advance review copy readers. These readers are different: I’m not expecting advanced editorial feedback, but the goal for them is that they are fans who are excited enou gh to read the book before it launches, leave an Amazon review, catch any minor errors and be the champions of the book.I reached out to 126 people, but, critically, I sent them a very short email. I didn’t just send them an advance copy right away, I asked if they would like to be included. My hope was, if people said yes, they would  have a much higher chance of actually leaving a review. It acted as a useful filter. This was about a month before launch. I also had a separate list of friends and influencers who had some history with the books before, and who might have a larger audience to share their enthusiasm with.Even on my Facebook post, I’ve learnt something: what I found was that for the first book, my post was an announcement, with links to Amazon. This time, because it’s my dog’s birthday, I took a picture of my dog, put the three books in front of her and took a few more funny pictures, making the post more personal. The reason why my approa ch has changed is because I realized that, for the first book, I was approaching the book from my perspective. â€Å"It would be great for me if people shared my book.† Or â€Å"It would be great for me if a journalist picked it up†. So essentially it was really selfish and comes across as self-promotional.Now I think: as a user of Facebook, what posts do I like best? Really putting your audience first, before thinking about yourself, is the best way to get perspective, even in the hailstorm of personal self-doubt that is a book launch.Yes, and if you’ve got a real connection with you readers, you feel more comfortable in sharing more personal things. Thanks for your time, and congrats on getting the Uncommon Stock trilogy out there! "Really putting your audience first is the best way to get perspective" @EliotPeper #bookmarketing @ReedsyHQ The entire "Uncommon Stock" trilogy is available on Amazon! Check it out here!  How big is your "street team"? Do you agree that keeping a small audience makes it easier for the author to promote his books? Leave us your thoughts, or any questions for Elliot, in the comments below!

20 Ways to Cry

20 Ways to Cry 20 Ways to Cry 20 Ways to Cry By Mark Nichol Opportunities abound for describing lachrymal lamentations. Here are twenty synonyms for cry, plus some related expressions. 1. Bawl: to cry out loudly and without restraint; also, to call out in such a manner 2. Bleat: to complain or whine 3. Blub: see blubber (mostly confined to British English) 4. Blubber: to cry while making sounds of distress or pain, especially through pouted lips (hence the onomatopoeic word) 5. Caterwaul: to cry harshly; also, to noisily complain or protest 6. Groan: a low-pitched cry of grief or pain 7. Howl: to cry out in grief; also, to cry out in laughter or anger 8. Keen: to cry out with a long, loud sound of mourning; also, to complain, usually tiresomely (the adjective keen, meaning â€Å"acute, sharp† or used as slang equivalent to cool or neat is unrelated) 9. Lament: to cry out with grief; also, to feel regret or sorrow 10. Mewl: to cry softly or weakly, like a kitten 11. Moan: a low-pitched sound of grief or pain more extended than a groan 12. Pule: see whine 13. Snivel: to cry with a stuffed nose; also, to act or speak as if in an emotional, tearful state 14. Sob: to cry while making sounds of distress or pain, distinguished from blubbering by the noisy intake of breath 15. Squall: to cry out loudly in emotional distress usually associated with infants or very young children 16. Wail: to cry out in grief at a high pitch 17. Weep: to cry while making sounds of distress or pain, distinguished from blubbering and sobbing by the gentler, quieter nature of weeping 18. Whimper: to cry softly and irregularly; also, to complain or protest as if whining 19. Whine: to cry in distress, or in a high-pitched, complaining manner; also, to complain 20. Yowl: see wail Idioms and slang synonymous with cry include â€Å"break down,† â€Å"burst into tears,† â€Å"choke up,† â€Å"crack up,† â€Å"dissolve into tears,† â€Å"let it all out,† â€Å"put on the weeps,† â€Å"ring the blues,† â€Å"shed (bitter) tears,† and â€Å"turn on the waterworks.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words41 Words That Are Better Than GoodCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

The Republic of Mass Culture by James L. Baughman Essay

The Republic of Mass Culture by James L. Baughman - Essay Example Proceeding with an outline of the extent to which television impacted the operational parameters of both radio and print journalism, Baughman explains how and why this led to cooperation, rather than competition. As radio, film and print journalism found themselves confronted by television, a communications and entertainment medium which was drawing audiences away from them, they realized their inherent limitations for successful and effective competition. Quite simply stated, they could not compete with television. They, therefore, relied on a survival strategy which they had used in the past when faced with similar challenges: cooperation and imitation as opposed to competition. In brief, when newspapers were confronted with the challenged posed by radio, not only did they proceed to make significant changes to their content but they gave greater space to entertainment and pictures. Certainly, the gap between radio and newspaper remained but it gradually narrowed down in such a way as to allow the survival of the latter in face of the competition posed by the former. As Baughman explains through an in-depth historical analysis, this strategy was used vis--vis each new mass medium. The television, however, proved... As a survival strategy, however, this was simply not sufficient. Print journalism and radio could hardly compete with television but what they did do was define the mass media market itself and proceed to identify the different segments and sub-segments wherein, following which the engaged in the identification of their target audience and the design of content to meet the tastes of the target segments. The mass media evolved into an industry which relied on market studies and marketing in order, not just to survive but, to prosper and grow. The mass media industry began to borrow and implement the tools and strategies traditionally associated with other industries. Hence, marketing and PR departments evolved. Even as regards newspapers whose primary purpose is to report the news, irrespective of whether the public will find it enjoyable' and interesting, or not, content was influenced by marketing research. As Baughman argues, "market forces, or, more accurately, a perception of the market"1 shaped the content of mass media and influenced the evolution of novel trends therein. As he explains the extent to which the mass media made the transition from an information communications medium, whose content was primarily determined by developing news and events, to an almost wholly entertainment based channel of popular communication, whose content is determined by market studies, Baughman presents a controversial thesis. We are not, as seems to be the popular opinion, living in the Information Age but in an age where, despite the abundance of media channels and types, information is superficial and geared towards entertainment. The public, the market, is dictating the information to be conveyed and, within the context of the

Financial System and Intermediaries Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial System and Intermediaries - Coursework Example Financial System and Intermediaries As our example, a commercial bank will take my 100,000 as my savings and on-lend to a loan borrower who will pay interest and commission from the loan. The bank will pay me a portion of this interest as my deposit interest. Private equity funds are funds from investors intended to be invested in a private company over a specific time and agreed returns. Mutual funds are collected from many investors as a collective pool to be invested and venture capital have a similarity with either mutual funds or private only that they are invested in small and medium entities or start-ups with high potential for growth. According to Harhoff and Lossen, 2007, Pension and provident funds are funds invested with an intention to earn the investor income after leaving employment and retirement. Modern day insurance firms do what has been explained above alongside traditional insurance coverage. Micro-credits provide micro-loans to small business people who might not afford big amounts of loans or have no security for loans. Members or a micro-loan working group often co-guarantee each other. All the financial intermediaries can take my 100,000 and trade with it in the ways just explained. A financial intermediary can still act as an intermediary to another financial intermediary if it acts as a collecting agent to on-lend to another financial intermediary. A good example is a bank collecting savings from the public and going ahead to invest in a mutual fund with portfolio investments.

Decision of Allowing the Procurement of Used Items Essay Example for Free

Decision of Allowing the Procurement of Used Items Essay Discussing the pros on the decision of allowing the procurement of used items in public sector (PPA 2011): * It is economical; This is because of the liquidity crisis and improvements in product quality control hence some governments are opting for secondhand purchases. The current update in this regard is that, According to BBC News (Feb’2009) the Indonesian military is currently negotiating with the US Army to purchase secondhand F-16 fighter jets in a bid to modernize its air power military capability. Mark you Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and one of the dynamic emerging markets in the world. The country is also a member of the elite G-20 major economies. Quality control especially technically aircraft never get old as such because they are meet international standards and principles that govern air transport. * It is affordable to procure at low cost of acquisition, in case of emergencies circumstances to rescue situations especially those of public interest, the * government should allow procurement of used equipment under exceptional circumstances to serve people, that are evaluated on case by case basis procurement in the need The Bank understands that the decision between the outright purchase and lease arrangements depend on the economic loss and benefits, however, given the potential risk associated with used equipment, the government should consider leasing as the preferred alternative only in emergency. * It helps and is the way to go if the government is to fulfill its obligations as far as capital intensive investments are concerned. â€Å"Purchasing secondhand machines suited Tanzania at the moment because many countries were applying the same strategy on costly machines such as planes, train engines and ships. * Equipment may be available immediately, that result to shorten procurement process of acquiring used equipment, compared to the time  required for the acquisition of new equipment because it involves ordering which took sometimes up to delivery period. Discuss the cons on the decision of allowing the procurement of used items in public sector (PPA 2011) * May lead to procure poor quality items that do not meet intended purpose that is performance requirements of the goods, and minimum standards for age, residual economic life, and quality of materials. That might result in massive economic losses this is refer to the economic life cycle of goods procured. Since they will not be expected to originate from Tanzania, it will be difficult to get authenticated record of the time they had been used and condition at the time of sale. * Failure of getting loans from world Bank at deficit circumstances, this is according to World Bank Procurement Manual Draft (2001)- Procurement of brand new Goods policy, which explain that it the Bank’s general Policy is to finance the procurement of new goods only. Borrower’s procurement should be to the new. * Procurement of used goods does not correspond to the principles of value for money, since the experience in the country has shown there were no credible personnel to undertake such kind of purchasing with evidence of quality of such used items together with its residual value, relevant to the cost of purchase/money spend on buying. * Creation of a fertile ground for rampant corruption because the government/institutions functionaries might use this loophole to buy junk equipment through underhand methods thus causes great losses to the taxpayers. * Higher running expenses, It is cost fully in case of running expenses such as maintenance and service for used item than for brand new equipment, when government institutions decides to purchase used items, will result to incur a lot of money spending on frequently buying costly spare parts and  maintenance as a result to high total cost of operation hence less productivity. Summary: The decision of allowing the procurement of used items in public sector have their respective advantages and disadvantages to the national economy and general social welfare issues as follows. The advantages of procurement of used items are; it is economical, It is affordable due to low cost of acquisition, Used equipment may be available immediately, procurement of more items for the same budget, improves transparency and integrity. The disadvantages are Lack of competitive bidding, failure of getting loans from world Bank, May lead to procure poor quality, does not correspond to the principles of value for money, Creation of a fertile ground for rampant corruption, and Higher running expenses.

Primal Instinct :: Free Essay Writer

Primal Instinct In the Lord of the Flies William Golding has a group of schoolboys crash on an island and become barbaric. The reason why the boys turn wild is because of their primal instinct to hurt others. This behavior is inherited from early ancestors killing to stay alive. Mans tendency towards violence, how people take sides and divide into groups, and the struggle for power are three ways mans behavior will generally occur. Each of these suggests that violence is a key factor to getting what they want. Mans primal instinct towards violence really shows when they are living without rules or realize that there are no authority figures to enforce any rules. Without having consequences for any actions that might be taken then they primal instinct of the boys begins to take over. Even though the fact of no punishments may be known in the back of ones mind there is still the thought of what’s right. â€Å"Roger stooped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry and back again.† (Page 67) This is an example of how Roger knows it is wrong to hit someone with a rock but also knows that there are no punishments for anything. â€Å"The madness came into his eyes again. â€Å"I thought I might kill.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 55) This is showing how he lets his primal side take over his thoughts when he is hunting. He forgets about everything he had ever been told about what’s right because of his primal instinct to kill. He had an urge to hunt, his instincts were teaching him how. Even thought he really did now know how to hunt mans primal instincts helped him learn quickly. How people take sides and form groups shows how majority rules. The majority that rules needs a leader. This leader has to hold the rules but when the children’s primal instincts take over the control is lost but the majority still rules. â€Å"Let him be the chief with the trumpet thing.† (Page 24) This quote shows how all of the children are agreeing on this. Once one mentions it, the rest agree. If there is not anyone brave enough to mention something then no one will because they are all afraid that no one else will agree with them. â€Å"Who thinks Ralph oughtn’t be chief?† – â€Å"he looked expectantly at the boys ranged round, who had frozen.

Performance objectives Essay

Questions: 1. Discuss the significance of all of the five operations performance objectives (quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost) to VBA’s activities and explain which of these you consider to be the most important to build into the design of VBA’s processes 2. Explain how process technology helps this operation to achieve its objectives? 3. Sketch the flow of flowers in the VBA operation. Describe and explain what you think are the critical points in this flow? 1.1Objective Definition (Slack) Significance to VBA’ activities Rank Quality VBA’s service is based on the trust which it has established both with growers and buyers. This involves an implicit guarantee of the quality and freshness of the flowers. For example, VBA invest time and money into the laboratory services which give them the ability to assess flower quality levels. Without this quality guarantee buyers would not be willing to use the service. Speed Obviously the flowers cannot be kept within the total supply chain for too long, otherwise it would reduce their ‘shelf life’ when they†¦ Dependability In this case dependability means that a range and quantity of flowers are available for buyers to purchase if they wish and also that the company are able to guarantee to the growers that flowers will be available for sale at the time promised. Lack of dependability in terms of interruption to the supply of flowers would destroy the trust of both buyers and growers. Cost Cost is an important objective primarily to the company itself. The whole company’s operations are based on high volume. It is, after all, the largest operation of its type in the world. Also, the company have invested in the information technology and materials handling technology which standardizes the service, thus reducing costs further. However, cost is also important to the buyers. If the operation were not efficient, then the buyers may find it cheaper to buy directly from the growers. The transaction costs of VBA must be sufficiently low to prevent this happening. Flexibility United Flower Auctions, Aalsmeer Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2CK2TatM_U We love getting flowers; they are a symbol of celebration. When you have achieved something, when you are turning 21, when you are in love, when you have graduated†¦ Flowers are big business in Holland. The ‘Verenigde Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer’ translates to the United Flower Auction in Aalsmeer. Most of the flowers purchased in the world are auctioned on a daily basis at the Aalsmeer facilities. This happens by bringing supply and demand together by means of the auction clock, a fascinating process during which large and small batches of flowers are sold within fractions of seconds. In five auction halls, over a thousand wholesalers bid on trainloads of flowers as they cruise slowly by. The flower auction in Aalsmeer is the largest trading center for plants and flowers in the world. Around 21 million flowers are sold daily with a 15% increase around occasions like Valentine’s Day and Mothers’ day. The building of the flower auction is only a stone’s throw from Schiphol airport and one of the largest buildings by floor space in the world, it boasts an area of more than 630,000 square meters – bigger than 120 football fields. The five operations performance objectives Performance objectives are the generic set of performance indicators that can be used to set the objectives or judge the performance of any type of the operation, although there are alternative lists proposed by different authorities, the five performance objectives as used in the book of Slack et al. (2010: 40) are quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. These performance objectives are the specific aspects of performance on which an operation is judged. What does the customer think is important? In the case of VBA, the operations performance objectives that are the most important to build into the design process are speed, quality and dependability (reliability). Speed: According to Slack et al. (2010: 42), ‘speed’ is the†¦ Answers to: â€Å"VBA United Flower Auction, Aarlsmeer, Holland† 1. Which of the five operations performance objectives (quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost) are the most important to build into the design of VBA’s process and why? To some extent, this is a matter of opinion. However, the company itself would place quality very much at the top of the list and flexibility towards the bottom, as follows: Quality: VBA’s service is based on the trust which it has established both with growers and buyers. This involves an implicit guarantee of the quality and freshness of the flowers. For example, VBA invest time and money into the laboratory services which give them the ability to assess flower quality levels. Without this quality guarantee buyers would not be willing to use the service. Cost: Cost is an important objective primarily to the company itself. The whole company’s operations are based on high volume. It is, after all, the largest operation of its type in the world. Also, the company have invested in the information technology and materials handling technology which standardizes the service, thus reducing costs further. However, cost is also important to the buyers. If the operation were not efficient, then the buyers may find it  cheaper to buy directly from the growers. The transaction costs of VBA must be sufficiently low to prevent this happening. Dependability: In this case dependability means that a range and quantity of flowers are available for buyers to purchase if they wish and also that the company are able to guarantee to the growers that flowers will be available for sale at the time promised. Lack of dependability in terms of interruption to the supply of flowers would destroy the trust of both buyers and growers. Speed: Speed is only important up to a point. Obviously the flowers cannot be kept within the total supply chain for too long, otherwise it would reduce their ‘shelf life’ when they†¦ 1) Analysing VBA’s main activity it is possible to clearly define the 5 operations performance objectives and which of these are the most important for the company’s business and to maintain a leadership position in the sector. the company itself would place quality very much at the top of the list and flexibility towards the bottom, as follows: QUALITY: VBA’s service is based on the trust which it has established both with growers and buyers. This involves an implicit guarantee of the quality and freshness of the flowers: ïÆ'   a quality inspection is in fact made by VBA staff to check if the characteristics of the flowers are conformant to the description entered on the delivery forms by the grower, that are attached to each trolley. ïÆ'   to maintain the flowers fresh and in perfect conditions VBA helds the flowers in cooled storage areas to avoid them to perish Without this quality guarantee buyers would not be willing to use the service. Doing things right by providing error free goods and services, which will satisfy the customers, is known as ‘quality’. VBA operations have to export their flowers to be perishable and so they made the quality inspection by VBA staff and kept in cool storage place. COST: Cost is another very important objective to the company itself. VBA manages to operate with very low costs (about 5% of the turnover). LowCost is also  important to the buyers. If the operation were not efficient, then the buyers may find it cheaper to buy directly from the growers. The transaction costs of VBA must be sufficiently low to prevent this happening. To achieve this performance objective, that allows very high profit for the company, VBA has invested in the information technology and materials handling technology. This standardizes the service and is able to deal with the complexity of the operation due to the high volumesïÆ'   every day in fact there are 17 million cut flowers and two million plants to handle. ompanies compete with prices is ‘cost’. Low price is a universal attractive objective to customers, which can be achieved by producing goods at lower costs. In order to ‘do things cheaply’. The high level of computerization and automation of material flow allow VBA to operate with low cost at high speed and dependability. SPEED: Thanks to its developed process technology VBA manages to achieve another important performance objective: speed. Obviously the flowers cannot be kept within the total supply chain for too long, otherwise it would reduce their ‘shelf life’. For this reason it is important to do things quickly in response to customer demand. This objective is fundamental together with quality and cost because it allows VBA to handle about 1000 transactions per hour with 13 clocks, making it very convenient for the grower aswell. erformance objective speed means doing fast, it means to minimize the time between the order and the availability of the product or service that gives the customer speed advantage.VBA are focused operations to reduce difficulty by having ten thousand people to work at the center to handle seventeen million flowers and two million plants by their information processing technology. DEPENDABILITY : The ability to deliver products and services in accordance with promises made to customers is another important performance objective for VBA. In this case dependability means that: a range and quantity of flowers are available for buyers to purchase if and  when they wish that VBA is able to guarantee to the growers that flowers will be available for sale at the time promisedïÆ'   that the flowers will be in the shops in Holland, London, Paris, Berlin and New York as soon as possible, for the customers to buy them. Lack of dependability in terms of interruption to the supply of flowers would destroy the trust of both buyers and growers. To do the things in time for customers to receive their goods or services when they are promised this performance objective known as dependability. In VBA everything tiered to the auction computer so that each buyer can have uninterrupted view of the flower and price. FLEXIBILITY: regarding this performance objective, the flexibility can be measured in the capability of responding to a dynamic environment, changing their products and services and changing the way they do business. The whole bidding process by VBA including processing time takes only a few seconds and the lots are distributed on the trolleys to the appropriate packing and loading Ares.

Is Money the Most Important Thing? Essay

Nowadays, we are living in a world where everything turns around money and luxury. People do not realize that we can find more things which are more important for our lives and happiness. Some years ago, other important things were to spend quality time with the family, talk to each other about important thing in order to be always together and be informed about what is happening to the most important people in the society: your family. To different people money is important in many ways. Money is used to do a lot, you use it to buy a house so you have somewhere to live instead of living under a bridge, you use it to keep your car running properly, and without money a lot of people wouldn’t be happy. Without money people cannot live healthy. You need money to buy food, clothing, and personal hygiene products. To me money is less important as long as I have enough to get food for my family, a roof over my head, clothing for my family and myself, power to my house, and money to ride the bus. I am completely happy and that is what is important about money to me. see more:muet essay It would be nice to have some extra here and there but as long as my family and I can survive that is all that matter. How would you pay your bills if you didn’t have money? How would sick children get the help they need without money? Both of these questions are questions that have been a big deal in my life. The answer to each is you would be able to. Even if you didn’t have money and you needed assistant – that still involves someone donating the money. Money is an important aspect to everyone in this stuff called life. Then again to other people money might be important in other ways. It all depends on who we are talking about when we ask the question â€Å"How important is money?† Without money we wouldn’t be able to go to school and prepare for life or get college degrees and further our educations. We wouldn’t be able to pay for medications that help heal us of any diseases or pain. I do subscribe to the notion that money isn’t everything but I also believe that it is a major, critical facet of life today. Some people would like to have money, not to be a rich  person, but to have the minimum things to live worthily. Even if money is important to have a good life and without it we cannot do anything, it is not the most important thing. There are other characteristics that are more important in people, such as, what other people are inside themselves. Also, the idea of getting power because of having money is an actual problem in our societies, because many people grow up with that idea, and the more money you have, the more money you want to get. This action creates selfish people who think that all their problems can be solved thanks to money but in the real life, things are very far from this concept of life. People from real life have to fight for getting things, for being successful and for being happy. So it is important to teach people while they are growing up the real value of the things that are around themselves and how they can face money problems and the main meaning of this overvalued component in the present world. None can deny the importance of money in life. However, whether or not it is actually the only thing people are interested in today is much of controversy. Some people believe that money ca n buy everything when the others assert that it cannot. From my point of view, there are a lot of achievements rather than money although I can live without it. It seems to be meaningless for me to come in for a well-to-do life without endeavor for any reason. Perhaps, for me, money is not able to buy happiness. Not only has the value of money changed, but also its importance. The importance of money has become so essential for life, that you could not survive without it. You could not even buy something to eat. You would end up being a poor homeless person. Even if you try harmonizing with the nature to survive, it would be almost impossible nowadays, except if you are living in a tribe. Tribes have learned to live naturally and have adapted to the nature, while industrial countries have invented artificial stuff for everything. Money is one of the most important things in our lives. Even if we haven’t noticed yet, living without it would be literally inconceivable. Money is very important because of its value in daily life. Without money, we do not have accommodation, food, and clothes which are considered the basic necessities. In most developing countries, children cannot go to school when their parents do not have money. They have to do manual works in bad conditions and university is definitely a far-away dream. Money seems to be the most important issue for those. For those of the middle class, money  gives a comfortable life. The most important advantage of being rich is that your health will be protected well when you have a lot of money. It is true for every social system. A millionaire can pay a lot of money for the best hospital, best doctor and best technology while a poor unemployed woman mainly depend on social subsidies with cheapest medicines. If you do not have enough money, please wait without any requirements. Life has never been equal, particularly between the rich and the poor in the society. Money has become a very crucial aspect of living. It allows us to provide ourselves with the basic needs of life as well as forcing us to make realistic choices and place priority on our needs before our wants. But money has changed society a lot. The people who do not make too much, are not t oo happy. However, those who have money are often unhappy. They can never get enough. Everything that they have needs to be updated and when they get the item it’s already old so they end up replacing it. For this reason the rich never get to sit back and enjoy what they have. They are too busy buying. For most people in our modern world, money is the first thing, and sometimes the only thing that measures success in their life. Money can buy power. Money can buy fame. Money can buy time. Sometimes money can even buy a life. Thus money has become the first common goal for everybody. However, there is something else that can be the measurement of success in life. For example, the common goal in people’s life is to be peaceful and happy. It might be having a warm family and children, having lots of friends or maybe just having someone who truly loves you. Being the richest man in the world does not mean you are the happiest man in the world, although money can buy you happiness sometimes, but not always. If we could all appreciat e the way life is, the fun, and the beauty I think the world would be better. If people weren’t power hungry maybe we’d have a lesser demand for money. Those people who is money hungry and power hungry need to relax. Money can’t buy you happiness. These individuals need to understand that.

Free Essays on Analysis Of T.S. Eliots Rhapsody On A Windy Night

â€Å"Half-p... Free Essays on Analysis Of T.S. Eliot's Rhapsody On A Windy Night Free Essays on Analysis Of T.S. Eliot's Rhapsody On A Windy Night Analyzation of T.S. Eliot’s Rhapsody on a Windy Night This poem seemed to have no purpose but to tell a story at first, but after rereading it, I found many interesting things that point to something bigger, however, I am not sure what. I particularly liked how Eliot announced the time at the beginning of each descriptive section. The poem starts with the words â€Å"Twelve o’clock.† This sets sets the scene and shows the main character’s obsessive nature. The diction in this poem is greatly descriptive and allows the reader to really see things through the narrator’s eyes. The first stanza illustrates to the reader the man’s surroundings and the sounds that he hears in the darkness. The second stanza starts with â€Å"Half- past one,† and once again, uses a very short, simple sentence to have a profound effect on the reader. He then begins talking about the street-lamp. â€Å"The street-lamp sputtered, The street-lamp muttered, The street-lamp said...† This makes it seem as if the street-lamp is instructing the narrator to do things. The street-lamp tells him to regard a woman with a torn and stained dress and an eye that â€Å"twists like a crooked pin.† He then goes into â€Å"a crowd of twisted things† from his memory. He remembers a twisted branch upon the beach and a broken spring in a factory yard that is â€Å"hard and curled and ready to snap.† I do believe that this represents something far greater than a bed spring, however, I cannot determine what it might be. After that flashback type stanza, he begins again with â€Å"Half-past two.† The street-lamp comes into play and commands him to remark a cat, which he compares to a child. The author then speaks of the child’s eyes and the things he has seen in the street. He just leads one thing into another, as if writing everything that occurs in his mind when he sees something. The next stanza begins again with the words â€Å"Half-p...

Call of the Wild Chapters 4 5 6

What do his parents think? Alex’s parents are very worried about him. They become even more worried when they realize that he told the post office to hold all of the letters they sent him until a certain date. Where does Chris/Alex travel in this chapter and what is the time line (dates and locations) July 9th 1990- Datson is flooded is flooded at Lake Mead July 10th 1990- Chris hikes toward N California August 1990- He gets a ride from/meets Crazy Ernie Chapter 5. What did the people of Bullhead City think of Chris/Alex? He is remembered as a strange but nice person. The employees at the McDonald’s where he worked said he worked at a slow pace, which contradicts what was said about his work ethic earlier in the novel. They said he needed to bathe more and one lady feels he quit because she told him so. Describe the slabs in your own words. The slabs are an abandoned military base that has become home to a lot of drifters. What do we learn about Chris/Alex in this chapter? Is your view of him changing? In this chapter we learn that Chris’s work ethic is starting to disappear because the former employees say that they felt he worked slow. My opinion is not really changing any of him because he still is very odd and obviously he is not all right. 4. Trace the timeline in this chapter. May 1991- Departs Las Vegas July/August 1991- Oregon coast September 1991- Hitchhiked down highway 101 to Bullhead city Several months later- moved to the slabs Chapter 6. What changes do you notice in the narrative stance of chapter 6? Chapter 6 isn’t really about chris, its more about the people he met and the lives he affected. Why did they send Krakauer a letter from Ronald Franz? Because Franz wanted a copy of the magazine article which featured Chris and felt very attached to him. In Chris/Alex’s letter to Ron Franz he reveals his philosophy of life. This is important for an understanding of what happened to him. Summarize his ideas in your won words. If you want to get more out of life, Ron, you must lose your inclination for monotonous security and adopt a helter-skelter style of life that will first appear to be crazy† 57. This is important because for the first time in words he is sort of describing the lifestyle that he is trying to live. He put the ideolism that he is living by into a phrase. What did Krakauer learn when he visited Franz? He learned that Franz was a very physically large men who did not show his age. He had always been praying for Chris to walk back down the road. When he learned that Chris had died, â€Å"{he} became an athiest† because his prayers were not answered†

Cultural and Feminist Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural and Feminist Perspectives - Essay Example rmation Age, where the barriers to communication have dissolved in the realm of the internet, the need for a common approach as to what constitutes ethical behavior cannot be disputed. The three most important ideas, which are relevant to any debate on a common ethical framework for humanity, are the failure of faith as a criterion for ethics, the need to avoid the imposition of one particular system as the universal answer, and the absolute necessity for a global definition of ethics, which incorporates various perspectives. When faith, or religion, is adopted as the foundation of ethical belief, it can only lead to dissension. All religious views of values and ideals are obviously based on the divine authority and revelations particular to a certain religion. Any religious justification of ethics can belong only to one particular faith, as each religion has its own unique perspective of the individual and his relationship with the world. It would be difficult to reconcile all religions. For example, the Buddhist view of the personal self as a delusion is completely opposed to the Judeo-Christian emphasis on individualism. Likewise, the Eastern faiths are to a large extent mystical, in contrast to the realism of the Western religions. The holistic, cyclic oriental perspective is again totally different from the dualistic, linear approach of the West. Religions advocate absolute truths. When each faith proposes its own absolute truth, it is obvious that religion cannot be an acceptable basis for ethics. The irreconcilable differences in the world religions make it evident that faith-based ethics can only serve as a personal guide to ideals. They cannot be accepted as a universal framework for humanity. Religious fundamentalism is the most blatant origin of discord and violence today, and warns us that any religious basis of ethics is impossible. Morality, based on religion, can only lead to war. At the same time, faith is obviously one of the most powerful

Behavioural Analysis of Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Behavioural Analysis of Organisations - Essay Example Organisations are grouped into Mechanistic and Organic groups and this grouping is still relevant. In mechanistic organisations, tasks are broken down into specialisms, technicalities, methods, duties, powers related to positions and all behaviours and responses of workers are according to superiors' decisions without much scope for individuality. These organisations are considered to be more stable and vertically oriented. Organic organisations do not have very clearly pronounced hierarchy and instead, depend more on group decisions after interacting with people of diverse background within company framework. These organisations are considered to be more individualistic where people can make a positive contribution and are of democratic nature. While doing a study of this kind, both kinds of organisations are approached. Human behaviour is always diverse and complex and unpredictable at times. A person who is charming to the rest of the world, could be downright aggressive to people working under him. Many times it is not surprising to come across hidden psychological problems that surface only when the person can dictate terms, and dormant otherwise. In recent years, the necessity of a more psychological approach towards business organisations was felt and much study has gone into this direction. Social Scientists are dedicating time to study worker behaviour, management behaviour, and formulate theories of change for the organisations to follow. "Like the relationship between parents and children, the relationship between an organization and its members has aspects of both hate and love. Employees, manager, owners, customers, and society-at-large find themselves both beneficiaties and dependents of the organization an invention that, though man-made, seems to have a lift of its own, Bobbitt et al (1978, p.4). With the globalisation, organisations found it necessary to undergo unprecedented changes, for working with hitherto alien cultures and facing unfamiliar situations. Today solutions and decisions are made by people of diverse background and organisations have to see that all the decisions go in favour of the business. It has become imperative that certain guidelines should be laid down for all workers and managers to follow in spite of the cultural and background differences. Niccolo Machiavelli is considered to be the main political philosopher who spoke of leadership and organisational power. Max Weber followed him in discussing charismatic leadership. Psychology, after Second World War has become the main subject and organisations have created the norms of judging organisational developments from human resources angle. "Whether a manager defaults or whether he succeeds depends on large measure on his understanding of organizational behaviour and all its complexities. Although organizations appear to take on a life of their own, they remain inventions of man," says

Managing Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Change - Assignment Example Furthermore, for such a company to survive through all those years in the competitive market, it has to set its strategies right. In this report, we are going to explore the approaches that Nike towards corporate responsibility. Nike is therefore developing a new approach to corporate responsibility to consider ways at which it can harness the power of its business so that it influences environmental and social changes as the business grows. As the year 2006 approached, Nike’s acting goal was to make sure that every business unit incorporates corporate responsibility to their development strategies, responsibilities and performance. In addition to that, Nike was going to evaluate success by the extent at which the various businesses have met their goals for corporate responsibility as well as the business growth. ‘CR must evolve from being seen as an unwanted cost to being recognized as an intrinsic part of a healthy business model, an investment that creates competitive advantage and helps a company achieve profitable, sustainable growth. For that to happen, we saw we needed to transition our corporate responsibility efforts beyond that of standard risk and reputation management approach usually taken, and beyond the work of an isolated function within the business model. We realized that effective strategies are ones that embrace the whole enterprise. Responsible competitive outcomes result from holistic approaches and business processes that extend from factory workers to consumer, from sources or raw material to communities, where we can influence social and environmental change, from our workplace to the world we all share. An environmentally friendly product made under poor labor is a hollow success. A product made under good conditions but that is bad for our planet is a missed opportunity. We don’t believe in trade-offs. We do believe – passionately so – in innovating to create new and better solutions’. In this report, we

Do We Need Professional Or Non Professional Nurses Nursing Essay

Do We Need Professional Or Non Professional Nurses Nursing Essay This project plan entitled Insufficient Nurse Staffing Problem versus Economic Crisis: Do We Need Professional or Non-Professional Nurses? discussed about the importance of choosing between a Professional Nurse and a Non-Professional Nurse to meet the divergence of supply and demand that is evidenced in the insufficient nurse staffing against economic crisis, with significant implications for patient safety, which is also what Nursing profession faces continuously. The aims/objectives of this project plan are (a) to explore the nurse education and patients quality of life in a broader sense, (b) to determine the divergence between demand and supply that is evidenced in insufficient nurse staffing with significant implications for patient safety is what Nursing profession faces continuously. Background discussed about the Level of Nursing Education the Quality of Care taken from researched articles correlated to the topic. Methodology used is Literature Review. Conclusion: In the issue of economic crisis versus staffing problem, the institutions will be the one to decide in managing changes needed to make both ends meet, provide an adequacy on staffing and financial crisis of the institutions/hospitals, but should consider the quality of care and that the standards of nursing practice must be met in order not to demoralize the image of nursing, whether the nurse provider is a professional or non-professional nurse. Key concepts: Professional and Non-Professional Nurses, Occupation, Profession I. INTRODUCTION: Nursing profession is a great human elements provided great services to humanity. Since the earliest times to the present, the healthcare workers in the nursing profession help individuals and families in their communities and countries. Nursing as a profession focused on assisting individuals and families. Workers in nursing participate competently and bravely in health care in all countries of the world. In war and peace, work in difficult circumstances and contribute to the development of their communities. All nurses must remember as what has been stated in nurses pledge by Florence Nightingale: I solemnly pledge myself before God and in the presence of this assembly to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling. (American Nurses Association, 2010) e However, in recent years, questions have been raised about whether nursing is a profession or an occupation. This is important for nurses to consider for several reasons, starting from differentiating the terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºprofession and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºoccupation, professional and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºnon-professional nurse. An occupation is a job or a career, whereas a profession is a learned vocation or occupation that has a status of superiority and precedence within a division of work. In general terms, occupations require widely varying levels of training or education, varying levels of skill, and widely variable defined knowledge bases. Indeed, all professions are occupations, but not all occupation is profession. (McEwen et al., 2007). Therefore based on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºnursing as an occupation, a professional nurse is a healthcare professional who, in collaboration with other member of a healthcare team, is responsible for treatment, safety and recovery of acute or chronically ill individuals; health promotion, and maintenance within families, communities and population; and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of healthcare settings. (Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse) While, the term non-professional means one who is not of, relating to, suitable for, or engaged in a profession or not undertaken or performed for gain or by people who are paid. (Farlex, 2010). Therefore the term non-professional nurse is a person responsible for assisting in the delivery of non-professional nursing care, under the direction of a Registered Nurse/Professional nurse in a defined care team and in accordance with scope of practice. (NWJobs, 2010) This research work is presenting the current problem nowadays: (1) In the problem of insufficiency of nursing staffs versus the economic crisis; do we need a professional or non-professional nurses? II. BACKGROUND: A. Level of Nursing Education: Diploma programs: diploma programs are hospital based educational programs that provide a rich clinical experience for nursing students. These programs are often associated with colleges or universities. Baccalaureate degree programs: Baccalaureate degree programs are located in senior colleges and universities and are generally 4 years in length. Masters programs: Masters Programs provide specialized knowledge and skills that enable nurses to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration, and research. Doctoral programs: these programs further prepare the nurse for advanced clinical practice, administration, education, and research. (Berman et al., 2008) B. Quality of Care: The quality of care can be more precisely described as seeking to achieve excellent standards of care. It includes assessing the appropriateness of medical tests and treatments and measures to improve personal health care consistently in all areas of medicine. (Duffy, 2009) Issues nowadays tackled the changing image of nursing as profession in the community due to the economic value caused by cost-containment strategy played out in restructuring and redesigning care delivery, decisions were made to replace registered nurses with non-professional, less skilled, unlicensed personnel/nurses because professional/registered nurses were seen as too costly. Also implemented were new models of patient-centered care delivered by cross-trained, non-professional unlicensed personnel. (AACN,2010) A divergence between demand and supply that is evidenced in insufficient nurse staffing with significant implications for patient safety is what Nursing profession faces continuously. Many believe this shortage of registered nurses is entrenched in long-standing problems related to the value and image of nursing and the limited role nursing has had in identifying priorities within health care delivery systems. (AACN, 2010) There is a predicted shortfall of qualified nursing staff in both low and high-income countries. A combination of demography, restructured health care systems and social values has made lack of nursing personnel a main concern for health care administrators, politicians and the nursing professions. The growing shortage of health care workers has become an international challenge. (Sorgaard KW et al. 2010) One of the central tenants of professional self regulation is the ability to maintain and control a professional register. To this end self regulating professions, such as nursing, have been responsible for controlling entry to their register. This is done through the setting of the standards to be achieved before entry is possible (Irving, 1997). In addition, the professions also have responsibility for the removal of practitioners who are considered unfit to practise. (Unsworth J. 2010) The Practice nurses are an integral part of general practice/ family medicine teams in the UK, with a role which encompasses general treatment room duties, nursing duties and chronic disease management. (ODonnell et al., 2010) There has been little or no attention paid to professional isolation as it impacts on practice nurses. These developments need to be considered in the wider context of nursing recruitment and retention. Recruitment and retention of staff presents challenges for both nursing and medicine, in the UK and abroad. (Shields et al., 2001; Camerin et al., 2006) Doctoral education, which systematically helps to develop nurse scholars, has been offered the longest in the USA, since the 1930s (Redman Ketefian 1997). Over 30 years ago Andreoli (1977, p. 53) described the struggles of that countrys nurses to overcome prejudice in higher learning institutes, and the steps needed to prepare nurses professionally for scholarship and research if they were to be accepted and survive in academia. Such struggles were mirrored in other countries, including the UK and Australia where academics stated their predictions and preferences for the development of nursing within academia (Deans et al. 2003). In South America, several countries now offer doctoral programmes for nurses, but there is significant work to be done because poverty is the norm. In a number of European countries, nursing research is also beginning to flourish (Turale et al. 2009). The number of nurses currently in the workforce based on their educational preparation: those with undergraduate education (diploma, associate, baccalaureate degrees) and those with graduate education (masters and doctoral degrees). The figure depicts a much higher number of nurses prepared at the diploma/associate degree level compared to all other categories and the relatively small number of nurses prepared with graduate degrees. The limited number of nurses prepared with graduate degrees presents a significant problem for educating future nurses and furthering effective nursing practice; masters-prepared clinicians are needed to teach and provide primary care, and doctoral faculty are needed to teach and conduct research. Without an adequate number of nurses prepared at the graduate level, we will be unable to educate enough nurses to meet the demands for care at all levels in the near future (Ellenbecker ., 2010). III. Aim / Objective: A. To explore the nurse education and patients quality of life in a broader sense. B. To determine the divergence between demand and supply that is evidenced in insufficient nurse staffing with significant implications for patient safety is what Nursing profession faces continuously. IV. Method: Literature review : a critical summary of research on a topic of interest, often prepared to put a research problem in context (Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T, 2008). The authors searched in the books, and accessed for free on the internet through the pubMed website . We found 142 search serves the purpose in one way or another, but, according to the Plan of Action Research the authors selected 10 was very close to the idea that foucas to study Which served in our aim. The authors used all the elements in the full text can be printed on Library. The authors have read the articles lists and review them, and looking such research in the knowledge that related to the our aim. V. Research Ethics: The authors foundation from the article was clear and the researchers displayed respect for human dignity. The author did the job for searching by honest and professional way, without hidden or disappear any good or truth result. (Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T, 2008). VI. Relevance: The author conveyed the informations through this research to increase awareness for the staff nurses about knowing the difference between professional and non-professional nursing is important and vital to the life process. This research shows that professional development can enhance the skills of both new and long time staffers. Though the concept of professional development is not new, its significance for youth workers has been gaining momentum slowly. This research summarizes the importance of professional development, identifies core competencies for youth workers, highlights professional development training delivery models, and sets forth next steps for professional development that can benefit youth programs. In the issue of economic crisis versus staffing problem, the institutions will be the one to decide in managing changes needed to make both ends meet, provide an adequacy on staffing and financial crisis of the institutions/hospitals, but should consider the quality of care and that the standards of nursing practice must be met in order not to demoralize the image of nursing, whether the nurse provider is a professional or non-professional nurse.

War and Deception - President George Bush and President Lyndon Johnson

The responsibilities of a presidential administration to the United States should be easily defined, but in many instances have come to be uncertain. There are two wars over the last century that have compromised the American reputation, as well as the integrity of our people. On these two occasions the intentions of our president have been something different than publicized to the country. The United States as a whole was deceived by two particular leaders and their administration. Through propaganda, selective speech, and exaggerated evidence, Presidents Lyndon Johnson and George W. Bush manipulated the support of the nation for their bold military actions and personal agendas. In August of 1964 there was an alleged attack by North Vietnamese torpedo boats against the United States navy while they were stationed in the Tonkin Gulf reporting intelligence information to South Vietnam. This attack was said to have occurred with no provocation from the United States. President Lyndon Johnson and his advisers decided upon immediate retaliation with air attacks. Johnson went further in asking Congress to pass a resolution that would authorize further military action. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution was passed by Congress on August seventh. This has been described by historians as a â€Å"blank check† for the Johnson and Nixon administrations (Nelson, 452). It gave the president great authority over decisions made about the war in Vietnam. Both Johnson and Nixon cited the Tonkin Gulf Resolution many times during their terms to justify further military action in Southeast Asia. In 1968, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee performed investigations that revealed that Johnson had been deceptive in gaining the support of Congress. Records and testimonies showed that the U.S. ship attacked that August day in 1964 was actually in North Vietnamese territory gathering sensitive information. It was also revealed that the administration was aware that an attack was possible while in these waters (Nelson, 452). There were also further revelations of the deception of President Johnson. In 1995, Vo Nguyen Giap, a retired Vietnamese general met with former Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara. In this meeting, Giap repeatedly denied that the Tonkin Gulf attack had ever happened. Also, in 2001, a taped conversation between Lyndon Johnson and McNamara exposed Johnson’s o... ...nd lose respect for the United States. These actions have caused us to look like power hungry, arrogant intruders around the world. The deception of the government needs to be terminated. The foreign policy and actions of the United States needs to be made public. Citizens need to be made aware of the government’s intentions, so as to create a wider support group or to give us the right to protest and stop actions they do not agree with. Work Cited Bunch, William. â€Å"Invading Iraq not a new idea for Bush clique.† Philly Daily News. 27 January 2003. Davidson, Kenneth. â€Å"The Real Reasons America is Invading Iraq.† The Age. 20 March 2003. Ellsburg, Daniel. Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. New York: Viking Penguin, 2002. Martin, Patrick. â€Å"What happened to Iraq’s ‘weapons of mass destruction’?† International Committee of the Fourth International. 22 April 2003. Nelson, Michael. The Presidency A to Z. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1998. Scheer, Christopher. â€Å"Ten Appalling Lies We Were Told About Iraq.† Alternet. 27 June 2003. â€Å"Weapons of Mass Destruction: Who Said What When.† Counter Punch. 29 May 2003.

How Does Sushi King Influence the Eating Habits of Consumer by Providing Healthy Eating?

TITLE: HOW DOES SUSHI KING INFLUENCE THE EATING HABITS OF CONSUMER BY PROVIDING HEALTHY EATING? BACKGROUND: Sushi Kin Sdn. Bhd. pioneers a new age of Japanese cuisine in Malaysia in 1995 which has quickly gained its popularity among the customers both locally and internationally. To date, there are more than 60 outlets in the nation which happens to be the largest chain of food restaurants using a speedy service concept called ‘revolving sushi’ or ‘kaiten sushi’. Its ultimate goal of business is to promote a healthy lifestyle within the community by offering food quality with wide variety of choices at affordable prices in a comfortable ambiance. Sushi Kin Sdn. Bhd is one of a subsidiary of the Texchem Group of Companies. The essence purpose of the proposal is to identify how Sushi King influences consumers’ eating habits by presenting its concept of great variety of food choices and quality towards achieving healthy eating. Because obesity has become an increasingly serious problem globally, there has been a recent increase in research studying how to communicate healthy eating habits, and the role of various socializing agents such as parents, government publicity, teachers and peer groups (Chan et al. , 2009). More ever, the current health trend in Malaysia is at critical stage whereby obesity is at high risk among the public. As commented by our Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai in The New Straits Times that obesity is becoming the major health issue with the number of obese people almost tripling in the past 15 years from four per cent in 1996 to 14 per cent in 2010 (Simon, 2010). And since obesity is the gateway to other chronic disease such as heart disease, high blood pressure and kidney problems, the risk of more Malaysians developing these syndromes will become greater in future. The reason behind this appearing phenomenon is majorly reflecting from less physical workouts and taking up unhealthy eating behaviours and lifestyle due to stress on both job and family commitments. Mueller (2007) advocated that consumers should also take increasing responsibilities by learning more about diet and nutrition as well as making healthier food choices. Sushi King plays a significant role as a private food sector by doing its part to create a healthy lifestyle within the public through its food offering and education, marketing tools and strategies, surveys, social events and related activities. The Japanese, however, have been influenced by traditional concepts of healthy eating, resulting in their culturally unique beliefs (Akamatsu et al. , 2004). RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this report proposal are: †¢ To acknowledge the importance of healthy eating †¢ To define the term ‘healthy eating’ at consumers’ perspective †¢ To examine efforts of Sushi King in creating healthy eating †¢ To draw conclusions and recommendations from the research studies METHODOLOGY Secondary and primary research will be carried out to acquire relevant data to assist in the findings and analysis. This study will employ qualitative research concentrating on pure interviews with two-designated questionnaires which included open-ended questions and Likert scale. Qualitative approach is chosen as this technique emphasizes on deep understanding on details and clarification on the concerning issue. The sample participate will include 50 consumers and 10 internal staffs for the implementation of the method adopted to examine the efforts of Sushi King in creating healthy eating. Once the data has been collected, it will be interpreted in statistical format using charts. TIMESCALE: Target date |Task to be achieved |Works to be submitted | |31 January |Agree initial PROJECT OUTLINE with Workshop tutor |PROJECT OUTLINE | |08 March |Project Proposal to local office for forwarding to Bolton |PROJECT PROPOSAL | | |Received feedback from Supervisor on Project Proposal | | |March – June |Writing of literature review | | |July – August |Writing of Research Methodology | | |Sept ember |Designing of questionnaires | | | |Carrying out interview with consumers and internal staffs | | |October |Analysis the results of interviewing | | | |Compiled all the data for the findings | | | |Writing of conclusions | | |November |Submit draft report to Turnitin UK |Final Project Report by | | |Review the result from Turnitin UK |submission date to local | | |Second review and improvement of report with Supervisor |office. | | |Submit Final Project Report to local office for onward forwarding to | | | |Bolton | | RESOURCES: The author has contacted with Sushi King to collect the data with the questionnaires that going to distribute to the consumers and internal staffs. Sushi King has granted to use the information and data been collected. Each interview session will be kept within duration of 15 minutes to 20 minutes. REFERENCES: Akamatsu, R. Maeda, Y. , Hagihara, A. and Shirakawa, T. (2005) Interpretations and attitudes toward healthy eating among Japanese workers. Appe tite, 44, pp. 123-129 Chan, K. , Prendergast, G. , GrOnhOj, A. and Bech-Larsen, T. (2009) Adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating and communication about healthy eating. Health Education, 109(6) pp. 474-490 Mueller, B. (2007) Just where does corporate responsibility end and consumer responsibility begin? The case of marketing food to kids around the globe. International Journal of Advertising, 26(26) pp. 561-564 Simon, A. (2010). Obesity now a major health concern, says report. New Straits Time, 10 February, p. 13.

The Medical and Social Model of Health

The medical model is not only useful as an academic tool at the critical or theoretical level, it also appeals to health care practitioners at a practical level. The medical model is a scientific view on health and body functioning that was originated in the 19th century. This was when people were beginning to understand the functions of the human body and the ways in keeping the body healthy. The medical model of health was first based on the idea that the human body is like a machine; a car broke down, then it would need to be fixed. The concept of the medical model of health is highly supported by health and social care practitioners that focus on curing illness, rather than the inhibition of illness. They would focused on producing medicines, which would treat numerous diseases and surgeries, this could renovate different parts of the body. The health and social care practitioners value specialist medical services highly because health is viewed as the absence of diseases and illnesses. If someone was to become ill they would make an appointment to see a doctor because they see the doctor as someone to help cure them. The person involved in the treatment process has very little say. This means that whatever the doctor concludes about the health of the person would be final and the person is expected to carry out the advice of the doctor. http://www.marco-learningsystems.com/pages/david-zigmond/medical-model.htm (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/Health_Definitions_e.htm (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.simplypsychology.org/medical-model.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) The medical of health is associated with the negative definition of health because the model focuses on the individual physical body and explains diseases or illnesses and its symptoms as a physical restraints, an example would be accidents. The medical model of health does not look at the psychological factor as the social model does. The concept of the social model of health is that people are not disabled because of illnesses or injury, but how society is constructed. The medical model disagrees with the social model because injury is seen as the cause of disability and that the person with the disability is expected to learn how to adapt within society, instead of society adapting to them. In the medical model disabled people as an issue, they should be adjusted to fit into the world as it is. On the off chance that this isn't conceivable, then they should be shut away in a particular institution or isolated at home, where only their most elementary needs are met. https://www.pol ity.co.uk/shortintroductions/samples/bury-sample.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/191/5/375 (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/publichealthtextbook/healthpromotion/2h1_c.jpg The social model can be understood, in part, as a reaction to the limits of the medical model. This model is carefully linked with positive definitions of health. In the social model the health of individuals and communities is seen as the consequence of complex and interrelating Communal, economic, environmental and personal factors. The social model of health is the direct opposite of the medical model. This is because the social model tries to prevent people from becoming ill rather than waiting for them to become ill and then treating them. The model attempts to address the larger influences on health. These are social, cultural, environmental and economic factors rather than diseases and injuries. The social model of health shows that for health and wellbeing to be achieved, the social, environmental and economic factors that affect health need to be addressed alongside biological and medical factors. The social model of health discards the impartiality and scientific self-importance of the bio-medical model and regards reliance upon the scientific method as only one way to measure health. The social model of health acknowledges that health and illness are created socially and that the health we experience relates to the way society is organized. According to Gillespie and Gerhardt (1995) states that health has an historical, cultural and social context and cannot be understood unless we appreciate. http://uk.ask.com/question/what-is-the-social-model-of-health (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.nwci.ie/download/pdf/determinants_health_diagram.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/key-concepts-in-health-studies/n3.xml (accessed on 26/10/2015) Culture is a factor that can have a negative or positive impact on a person’s health. Catholics are strongly against the use of contraception, which can lead to sexual transmitted diseases or infections and unwanted pregnancies. This is because Catholics believe that God has created each human for procreation and this means that a catholic person should not use contraception because they are interfering with God’s creation and stopping the procreation from occurring. Another example of the impact culture can have an impact on a person’s help is the Jehovah Witness disagreeing with blood transfusion. This is vital because it can lead to serious life-threatening diseases or infections. http://cugh.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/13_Social_And_Cultural_Factors_Related_To_Health_Part_A_Recognizing_The_Impact%20-%20Copy.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://sustainingcommunity.wordpress.com/2015/06/02/social-model-of-health/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) Education is another factor that has an impact on a person’s health and assertiveness towards health. If someone is taught about how to prevent various infections and diseases by taking measures, such as washing your hands before and after eating is essential for not passing diseases to other people. The social model of health has a link with the view that people can deal with their health responsibly if educated. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lc-ccr/centrepublications/workingpapers/WP03_Development_Critique.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.slideshare.net/jkonoroth/321-models-of-health (accessed on 26/10/2015) Most service users believe that a medical model founded on deficit and pathology still controls public and professional understanding of mental health issues, influential attitudes and policy. The service users largely see such a medical model as harmful and unhelpful. The labelling and stigma subsequent from a medical model of mental illness emerge as major fences for mental health service users. Service users see social tactics to mental health issues as much more helpful. The service users feel that broader subjects need to be taken more into account to stand the individualisation of mental health issues. They have diverse and complex opinions about the social model of disability and how co-operative a related social model of insanity and suffering would be. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet http://www.whatissocialmodelofhealth.com/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.wchm.org.au/social-determinants-model-of-health (accessed on 26/10/2015) Differences of the Social and Medical Model of Health http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3201900/slides/slide_8.jpg The table above shows the differences between the medical and social model of health. The first point written for the medical model of health is that it has a â€Å"narrow or simplistic understanding of health.† This would suggest that the medical model of health is not reliable because it lacks detail and therefore it is vague. The words ‘narrow’ and ‘simplistic’ is associated with imprecise and unclear. Furthermore, advocating that the medical model of health is not dependable. The second point made for the social model of health is â€Å"broad or complex understanding of health.† This is automatically different from what was stated by the medical model of health because the social model is claimed to be in more detail. The words ‘board’ and ‘complex’ is associated with profundity and detailed. Another point of medical model of health is that the model is a â€Å"biased definition focusing on the absence of disease or disability.† This means that the definition of the medical model is disregarding disability. People who are disabled are seen as the cause of the disability. They are blamed and are not valued for their abilities. However, the social model of health is more holistic and looks at the overview picture of the situation by taking a wide range of factors into account for why a person is disabled. The social model of health does not blame the person for being disabled. The third point is that the medical model of health does not take in account the wider factors that can affect a person’s health. This is because the medical model of health focuses on the physical factors rather than social, environmental or economic. This differs from the social model of health because the social model focuses all the factors. It looks into the environmental, physical, social and economic factors that can have an impact on a person’s health. The social model of health also looks into the impact of inequalities, which is mentioned in the table above. The last point is that the social model of health takes account to knowledge and understanding. This means that the social model of health is more focused on the community as the cause of the individual having the health problem and therefore, would consider the knowledge and understanding the individual had learnt from their community. However, the medical model of health is highly influenced by scientific and expert knowledge. This means that the medical model of health only focuses on how to treat a person that has a health problem, rather than the cause of the health problem. The person would first have to be ill in order for the doctor to treat them. http://slideplayer.com/slide/3201900/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://www.youngmindsadvocacy.org/in-plain-english-epsdt/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) The Medical Model of Health is parallel to Machines The medical model of health views people as machines; the various body systems are seen as systems which can be repaired, replaced and tampered. For example; if a person was to feel ill, they would make an appointment to see their doctor. Then the doctor would provide some medication or treatment options, such as operations. The diagram below is a parallel between machines and the medical model of health. This is because medical model of health sees the cause of diseases by bacteria, virus or genetic factors. It does not include other factors, such as social or emotional. Due to the person being seen as a machine, other aspects, such as unemployment are also not considered. This can lead to health care practitioners dealing with illnesses and ill health rather than promoting good health. http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/documents/image/ucm271241.jpg http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HumanFactors/ucm124829.htm (accessed on 26/10/2015) Failure to Conform to Health Advice Addiction can make it difficult for a person to withdraw from medication that was prescribed to them. This can be because the person had become dependent on the medication. This would result on failure to conform to health advice because the service user would take an excessive amount, they would abuse the medication. Addiction can be linked to the medical model of health because the service user’s illness would not be treated by the healthcare organisation due to the service user consuming too much of their medication. This would mean that the medication that is produced would not be effective. This is because the service user is taking an excessive amount, which would mean poor health and long-term health problems. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Addictions/Pages/Introduction.aspx (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/addiction (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_medicine (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.asam.org/for-the-public/what-is-an-addiction-specialist (accessed on 26/10/2015) However, addiction can be linked to the social model of health because society has expectation and does not tolerate addiction. This is because society has norms and values. If a person was not following the norms of society, they would be socially excluded. Addiction is viewed as a social problem by many people. Majority of people believe that drug abusers can willingly stop taking drugs. These people often miscalculate the difficulty of drug addiction. Addiction has an impact on the brain, and therefore stopping drug abuse is not simply a matter of willpower. The social model of health views the individuals and communities as the consequence of complex and interrelating problem. Therefore, the person who is having a problem with addiction can be a result of the community and rather, than the medical health organisation. The community is the cause for the person not following health advice. http://archives.drugabuse.gov/about/welcome/aboutdrugabuse/magnitude/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.medic8.com/drug-addiction/social-effects.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://lifeprocessprogram.com/lp-blog/library/addiction-is-a-social-disease/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) Fear can make an individual afraid of the affect and changes that the medication might have on their body. If there is more side effect on the medication, it can make a person being cautious when taking the medication. This can result on the individual not taking the right amount of medication that was advised by a health and social care practitioner because they are more likely to take smaller amount. Fear can be related to the medical model of health because the health and social care practitioner would be prescribing the service user medication that can provoke a sense of fear. This is because the medical model of health views people as machines; the various body systems are seen as systems, which can be repaired, replaced and tampered. This can cause a person to be more scared if the health and social care practitioner is advising them medication or treatment options that has more side-affects. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/08/ignore-doctor-advice_n_1262643.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1529171.stm (accessed on 26/10/2015) Peer pressure is another example of why a person would fail to conform to health advice. This is because the person would want to fit in with friends and therefore, might refuse to take their medication when they are around their friends. If a health and social care practitioner had advised the person to take their medication in a certain time, such as after eating meals. It can be a problem to some people because they don’t want to seem weak to their peers. This is a social problem and therefore, relates to the social model of health. Peer pressure relates to the social model of health because it is the community that is causing the person to not follow medical advice. https://healthbugs.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/why-dont-we-follow-medical-and-health-advice/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_do_people_not_conform_to_health_advice (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/76/Peer-pressure.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) There are finical problems that can prevent someone to conform to health advice. The cost of the medication might be expensive for some service users. If the health and social care practitioner advices the service user to buy a certain medication every one or two months, it can result on a finical barrier. This is because they won’t be able to afford the medication and therefore, would not follow health advice. This would lead to future health problems. Finical problems is related to the medical model of health because the medical model of health focuses on repairing the person. If the person can’t afford the medication then they are more likely to fail to not follow the advice of the health and social care practitioner. I’ve mentioned that the medical model of health is focused on the person having the illness or disease and therefore, would not help to prevent the disease. This would be problematic for a person who cannot afford the medication or treatment, fur ther worsening their recovery. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416786/Mental_Health_and_Behaviour_-_Information_and_Tools_for_Schools_240515.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://arma.org.uk/downloader/dws.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) If a person is in denial it can prevent them following health advice. It is hard to come to terms with health conditions. If a person was to go through a traumatic events, they are more likely to be in denial. A traumatic event can be serious accidents, life-threatening illnesses, and bereavement, experiencing a crime or war. Due to the traumatic events the person can be withdrawn, which would lead to them not accepting their health condition. For example; if a person was informed that they had lung cancer; they may be unwilling to take their medication because of denial. When a person is in denial they feel frightened, helpless, angry, guilty, sad, ashamed and embarrassed. The person might feel that the cancer will happen again and then would eventually lose control and break down. This is a social problem because the person is not receiving care because of emotional factors. The medical model of health does not focus on the emotional factors, like the social model of health.